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Top areas to work on
Preventing an AI-related catastrophe
Catastrophic pandemics
Nuclear war
Great power conflict
Climate change
Capacity building
Building effective altruism
Global priorities research
Improving decision making
Other promising areas
Civilisation resilience
Artificial sentience
Promoting positive values
Space governance
Risks of stable totalitarianism
Factory farming
Easily preventable or treatable illness
Wild animal suffering
See all problem profiles →
See all our career reviews →
Top skill sets for tackling global problems
Political and bureaucratic skills
Organisation-building
Research
Communicating ideas
Programming
Experience with an emerging power
Specialist knowledge relevant to a top problem
Our list of top high-impact career paths
AI safety technical research
AI governance and coordination
Biorisk research, strategy, and policy
Information security in high-impact areas
Expert in AI hardware
Helping build the effective altruism community
China-related AI safety and governance
Grantmaker
Operations in high-impact organisations
Research into global priorities
More promising paths
Be a founder
Software engineering
Journalism
See more →
How to build great career capital
See our top recommendations →
See all career reviews →
Introduction
Your most important decision
Foundations
A definition of impact
Longtermism
Harmful jobs
Global priorities
Problem selection
Existential risks
Top problems list
Contribution
How to think about your contribution
Effective solutions
List of high-impact careers
Personal fit
Gut instinct
Differences in productivity
Comparative advantage
Strategy
Ambition
Coordination
Exploration
Impact and satisfaction
Accidental harm
Read the full series →
Career planning and decision making
How to make your career plan
All our other planning resources
Selected topics
Moral philosophy
Career capital
Job satisfaction
Anonymous advice
Unconventional advice
Advocacy
Existential risk
Top-recommended careers
See all topics →
Top articles from outside our guides
Best charities to donate to
Misconceptions about effective altruism
High-impact research questions
What are your chances of getting elected to Congress, if you try?
How many lives does a doctor save?
What's the impact of voting?
Advice for undergraduates
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Home Authors Keiran Harris

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Author archive: Keiran Harris

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All184
Podcasts166
Podcasts (80k After Hours)12
Blog posts6

2023

December

#174 – Nita Farahany on the neurotechnology already being used to convict criminals and manipulate workers
Podcast
Benjamin Todd on the history of 80,000 Hours
Podcast (80k After Hours)

November

#173 – Jeff Sebo on digital minds, and how to avoid sleepwalking into a major moral catastrophe
Podcast
#172 – Bryan Caplan on why you should stop reading the news
Podcast
#171 – Alison Young on how top labs have jeopardised public health with repeated biosafety failures
Podcast
#170 – Santosh Harish on how air pollution is responsible for ~12% of global deaths — and how to get that number down
Podcast

October

#169 – Paul Niehaus on whether cash transfers cause economic growth, and keeping theft to acceptable levels
Podcast
#168 – Ian Morris on whether deep history says we’re heading for an intelligence explosion
Podcast
#167 – Seren Kell on the research gaps holding back alternative proteins from mass adoption
Podcast
#166 – Tantum Collins on what he’s learned as an AI policy insider at the White House, DeepMind and elsewhere
Podcast
#165 – Anders Sandberg on war in space, whether civilisations age, and the best things possible in our universe
Podcast
#164 – Kevin Esvelt on cults that want to kill everyone, stealth vs wildfire pandemics, and how he felt inventing gene drives
Podcast

September

#163 – Toby Ord on the perils of maximising the good that you do
Podcast
Alex Lawsen on avoiding 10 mistakes people make when pursuing a high-impact career
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#162 – Mustafa Suleyman on getting Washington and Silicon Valley to tame AI
Podcast

August

#161 – Michael Webb on whether AI will soon cause job loss, lower incomes, and higher inequality — or the opposite
Podcast
#160 – Hannah Ritchie on why it makes sense to be optimistic about the environment
Podcast
#159 – Jan Leike on OpenAI’s massive push to make superintelligence safe in 4 years or less
Podcast

July

#158 – Holden Karnofsky on how AIs might take over even if they’re no smarter than humans, and his four-part playbook for AI risk
Podcast
#157 – Ezra Klein on existential risk from AI and what DC could do about it
Podcast
Hannah Boettcher on the mental health challenges that come with trying to have a big impact
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#156 – Markus Anderljung on how to regulate cutting-edge AI models
Podcast

June

#155 – Lennart Heim on the compute governance era and what has to come after
Podcast
#154 – Rohin Shah on DeepMind and trying to fairly hear out both AI doomers and doubters
Podcast
#153 – Elie Hassenfeld on two big-picture critiques of GiveWell’s approach, and six lessons from their recent work
Podcast

May

#152 – Joe Carlsmith on navigating serious philosophical confusion
Podcast
#151 – Ajeya Cotra on accidentally teaching AI models to deceive us
Podcast
#150 – Tom Davidson on how quickly AI could transform the world
Podcast

April

Luisa and Keiran on free will, and the consequences of never feeling enduring guilt or shame
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#149 – Tim LeBon on how altruistic perfectionism is self-defeating
Podcast
#148 – Johannes Ackva on unfashionable climate interventions that work, and fashionable ones that don’t
Podcast

March

#147 – Spencer Greenberg on stopping valueless papers from getting into top journals
Podcast
Luisa and Robert Long on how to make independent research more fun
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#146 – Robert Long on why large language models like GPT (probably) aren’t conscious
Podcast

February

#145 – Christopher Brown on why slavery abolition wasn’t inevitable
Podcast

January

#144 – Athena Aktipis on why cancer is actually one of the fundamental phenomena in our universe
Podcast

2022

December

#143 – Jeffrey Lewis on the most common misconceptions about nuclear weapons
Podcast
#142 – John McWhorter on key lessons from linguistics, the virtue of creoles, and language extinction
Podcast
#141 – Richard Ngo on large language models, OpenAI, and striving to make the future go well
Podcast
Marcus Davis on founding and leading Rethink Priorities
Podcast (80k After Hours)

November

#140 – Bear Braumoeller on the case that war isn’t in decline
Podcast

October

#139 – Alan Hájek on puzzles and paradoxes in probability and expected value
Podcast

September

#138 – Sharon Hewitt Rawlette on why pleasure and pain are the only things that intrinsically matter
Podcast
Kuhan Jeyapragasan on effective altruism university groups
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#137 – Andreas Mogensen on whether effective altruism is just for consequentialists
Podcast
Andrés Jiménez Zorrilla on the Shrimp Welfare Project
Podcast (80k After Hours)

August

#136 – Will MacAskill on what we owe the future
Podcast
#135 – Samuel Charap on key lessons from five months of war in Ukraine
Podcast

July

#134 – Ian Morris on what big-picture history teaches us
Podcast
#133 – Max Tegmark on how a ‘put-up-or-shut-up’ resolution led him to work on AI and algorithmic news selection
Podcast

June

#132 – Nova DasSarma on why information security may be critical to the safe development of AI systems
Podcast
#131 – Lewis Dartnell on getting humanity to bounce back faster in a post-apocalyptic world
Podcast

May

Clay Graubard and Robert de Neufville on forecasting the war in Ukraine
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#130 – Will MacAskill on balancing frugality with ambition, whether you need longtermism, and mental health under pressure
Podcast
#129 – Dr James Tibenderana on the state of the art in malaria control and elimination
Podcast

April

#128 – Chris Blattman on the five reasons wars happen
Podcast
#127 – Sam Bankman-Fried on taking a high-risk approach to crypto and doing good
Podcast
#126 – Bryan Caplan on whether lazy parenting is OK, what really helps workers, and betting on beliefs
Podcast

March

#125 – Joan Rohlfing on how to avoid catastrophic nuclear blunders
Podcast
#124 – Karen Levy on fads and misaligned incentives in global development, and scaling deworming to reach hundreds of millions
Podcast
#123 – Samuel Charap on why Putin invaded Ukraine, the risk of escalation, and how to prevent disaster
Podcast
Michelle and Habiba on what they’d tell their younger selves, and the impact of the 1-1 team
Podcast (80k After Hours)
#122 – Michelle Hutchinson & Habiba Islam on balancing competing priorities and other themes from our 1-on-1 careers advising
Podcast

February

Alex Lawsen on his advice for students
Podcast (80k After Hours)
Rob and Keiran on the philosophy of The 80,000 Hours Podcast
Podcast (80k After Hours)
Introducing 80k After Hours
Blog post
#121 – Matthew Yglesias on avoiding the pundit’s fallacy and how much military intervention can be used for good
Podcast
#120 – Audrey Tang on what we can learn from Taiwan’s experiments with how to do democracy
Podcast

2021

December

#119 – Andrew Yang on our very long-term future, and other topics most politicians won’t touch
Podcast
#118 – Jaime Yassif on safeguarding bioscience to prevent catastrophic lab accidents and bioweapons development
Podcast

November

#117 – David Denkenberger on using paper mills and seaweed to feed everyone in a catastrophe, ft Sahil Shah
Podcast
#116 – Luisa Rodriguez on why global catastrophes seem unlikely to kill us all
Podcast
#115 – David Wallace on the many-worlds theory of quantum mechanics and its implications
Podcast

October

#114 – Maha Rehman on working with governments to rapidly deliver masks to millions of people
Podcast
#113 – Varsha Venugopal on using gossip to help vaccinate every child in India
Podcast
Effective altruism in a nutshell
Blog post
#112 – Carl Shulman on the common-sense case for existential risk work and its practical implications
Podcast

September

#111 – Mushtaq Khan on using institutional economics to predict effective government reforms
Podcast

August

#110 – Holden Karnofsky on building aptitudes and kicking ass
Podcast
#109 – Holden Karnofsky on the most important century
Podcast
#108 – Chris Olah on working at top AI labs without an undergrad degree
Podcast
#107 – Chris Olah on what the hell is going on inside neural networks
Podcast

July

#106 – Cal Newport on an industrial revolution for office work
Podcast
#105 – Alexander Berger on improving global health and wellbeing in clear and direct ways
Podcast

June

#104 – Dr Pardis Sabeti on the Sentinel system for detecting and stopping pandemics
Podcast
#103 – Max Roser on building the world’s first great source of COVID-19 data at Our World in Data
Podcast
#102 – Tom Moynihan on why prior generations missed some of the biggest priorities of all
Podcast

May

#101 – Robert Wright on using cognitive empathy to save the world
Podcast
#100 – Having a successful career with depression, anxiety, and imposter syndrome
Podcast
#99 – Leah Garcés on turning adversaries into allies to change the chicken industry
Podcast
#98 – Christian Tarsney on future bias and a possible solution to moral fanaticism
Podcast

April

#97 – Mike Berkowitz on keeping the U.S. a liberal democratic country
Podcast
Launching a new resource: ‘Effective Altruism: An Introduction’
Blog post
#96 – Nina Schick on disinformation and the rise of synthetic media
Podcast

March

#95 – Kelly Wanser on whether to deliberately intervene in the climate
Podcast
#94 – Ezra Klein on aligning journalism, politics, and what matters most
Podcast
#93 – Andy Weber on rendering bioweapons obsolete and ending the new nuclear arms race
Podcast
#92 – Brian Christian on the alignment problem
Podcast

February

#91 – Lewis Bollard on big wins against factory farming and how they happened
Podcast
Rob Wiblin on how he ended up the way he is
Blog post

January

#90 – Ajeya Cotra on worldview diversification and how big the future could be
Podcast
Rob Wiblin on self-improvement and research ethics
Blog post

2020

December

#89 – Owen Cotton-Barratt on epistemic systems & layers of defence against potential global catastrophes
Podcast
#88 – Tristan Harris on the need to change the incentives of social media companies
Podcast

November

Benjamin Todd on what the effective altruism community most needs (& how to analyse replaceability)
Podcast
#87 – Russ Roberts on whether it’s more effective to help strangers, or people you know
Podcast

October

#86 – Hilary Greaves on Pascal’s mugging, strong longtermism, and whether existing can be good for us
Podcast

September

Benjamin Todd on the core of effective altruism and how to argue for it
Podcast
Benjamin Todd on varieties of longtermism and things 80,000 Hours might be getting wrong
Podcast

August

#85 – Mark Lynas on climate change, societal collapse & nuclear energy
Podcast
#84 – Shruti Rajagopalan on what India did to stop COVID-19 and how well it worked
Podcast

July

#83 – Jennifer Doleac on ways to prevent crime other than police and prisons
Podcast
#82 – James Forman Jr on reducing the cruelty of the US criminal legal system
Podcast
#81 – Ben Garfinkel on scrutinising classic AI risk arguments
Podcast

June

#80 – Stuart Russell on the flaws that make today’s AI architecture unsafe, and a new approach that could fix them
Podcast
#79 – A.J. Jacobs on radical honesty, following the whole Bible, and reframing global problems as puzzles
Podcast

May

#78 – Danny Hernandez on forecasting and the drivers of AI progress
Podcast
#77 – Marc Lipsitch on whether we’re winning or losing against COVID-19
Podcast
#76 – Tara Kirk Sell on COVID-19 misinformation, who’s done well and badly, and what we should reopen first
Podcast

April

#75 – Michelle Hutchinson on what people most often ask 80,000 Hours
Podcast
#74 – Dr Greg Lewis on COVID-19 and reducing global catastrophic biological risks
Podcast

March

Emergency episode: Rob & Howie on the menace of COVID-19, and what both governments & individuals might be able to do to help
Podcast
#73 – Phil Trammell on how becoming a ‘patient philanthropist’ might allow you to do far more good
Podcast
#72 – Toby Ord on the precipice and humanity’s potential futures
Podcast
#71 – Benjamin Todd on the key ideas of 80,000 Hours
Podcast

February

Bonus episode: Arden & Rob on demandingness, work-life balance and injustice
Podcast
#70 – Dr Cassidy Nelson on the twelve best ways to stop the next pandemic (and limit COVID-19)
Podcast
#69 – Jeff Ding on China, its AI dream, and what we get wrong about both
Podcast
Bonus episode: What we do and don’t know about the 2019-nCoV coronavirus
Podcast

January

#68 – Will MacAskill on the moral case against ever leaving the house, whether now is the hinge of history, and the culture of effective altruism
Podcast

2019

December

#67 – David Chalmers on the nature and ethics of consciousness
Podcast
#66 – Peter Singer on being provocative, EA, how his moral views have changed, & rescuing children drowning in ponds
Podcast

November

#65 – Ambassador Bonnie Jenkins on 8 years of combating WMD terrorism
Podcast

October

#64 – Bruce Schneier on how insecure electronic voting could break the United States — and surveillance without tyranny
Podcast

September

Rob Wiblin on plastic straws, nicotine, doping, & whether changing the long term is really possible
Podcast
#63 – Vitalik Buterin on effective altruism, better ways to fund public goods, the blockchain’s problems so far, and how it could yet change the world
Podcast

August

#62 – Paul Christiano on whether we should leave a helpful message for future civilisations — just in case humanity dies out
Podcast

July

#61 – Helen Toner on the new 30-person research group in DC investigating how emerging technologies could affect national security
Podcast

June

#60 – Accurately predicting the future is central to absolutely everything. Phil Tetlock has spent 40 years studying how to do it better.
Podcast
#59 – Cass Sunstein on how social change happens, and why it’s so often abrupt & unpredictable
Podcast
#58 – Pushmeet Kohli on DeepMind’s plan to make AI systems robust & reliable, why it’s a core issue in AI design, and how to succeed at AI research
Podcast

May

Rob Wiblin on human nature, new technology, and living a happy, healthy & ethical life
Blog post

April

#57 – Tom Kalil on how to have a big impact in government & huge organisations, based on 16 years’ experience in the White House
Podcast
#56 – Animals in the wild often suffer a great deal. We ask Persis Eskander what — if anything — should we do about that
Podcast

March

#55 – Mark Lutter on trying to end poverty by founding well-governed ‘charter’ cities, ft Tamara Winter
Podcast
#54 – Askell, Brundage & Clark on whether policy has a hope of keeping up with AI advances
Podcast

February

#53 – Kelsey Piper on whether journalists have room to write about important things
Podcast
#52 – Glen Weyl on radical institutional reforms that make capitalism & democracy work better, and how to get them
Podcast

January

#51 – Martin Gurri on the revolt of the public & crisis of authority in the information age
Podcast

2018

December

#50 – We could feed all eight billion people through a nuclear winter. David Denkenberger is working to make it practical.
Podcast
#49 – Rachel Glennerster on a year’s worth of education for under a dollar and other ‘best buys’ in development
Podcast

November

#48 – Brian Christian on computer science algorithms that tackle fundamental and universal problems — and whether they can help us live better in practice
Podcast
#47 – PhD or programming? Fast paths into aligning AI as a machine learning engineer, according to ML engineers Catherine Olsson & Daniel Ziegler
Podcast

October

#46 – Philosopher Hilary Greaves on moral cluelessness, population ethics, probability within a multiverse, & harnessing the brainpower of academia to tackle the most important research questions
Podcast
#45 – Economist Tyler Cowen says our overwhelming priorities should be maximising economic growth and making civilisation more stable. Is he right?
Podcast
#44 – Paul Christiano on how OpenAI is developing real solutions to the ‘AI alignment problem’, and his vision of how humanity will progressively hand over decision-making to AI systems
Podcast

September

#43 – Daniel Ellsberg on the creation of nuclear doomsday machines, the institutional insanity that maintains them, and a practical plan for dismantling them.
Podcast
#42 – Amanda Askell on tackling the ethics of infinity, being clueless about the effects of our actions, and having moral empathy for intellectual adversaries
Podcast

August

#41 – If the US put fewer people in prison, would crime go up? Not at all, according to Open Philanthropy’s renowned researcher David Roodman.
Podcast
#40 – How well can we actually predict the future? Katja Grace on why expert opinion isn’t a great guide to AI’s impact and how to do better
Podcast
#39 – How much should you change your beliefs based on new evidence? Spencer Greenberg on the scientific approach to solving difficult everyday questions
Podcast

July

#38 – Yew-Kwang Ng on ethics and how to create a much happier world
Podcast
#37 – Finding the best charity requires estimating the unknowable. Here’s how GiveWell tries to do that, according to researcher James Snowden.
Podcast
#36 – Tanya Singh on ending the operations management bottleneck in effective altruism
Podcast

June

#35 – How the audacity to fix things without asking permission can change the world, demonstrated by Tara Mac Aulay
Podcast

May

#34 – Politics is so much worse because we use an atrocious 18th century voting system. Aaron Hamlin has a viable plan to fix it.
Podcast
#33 – Oxford’s Anders Sandberg on solar flares, the annual risk of nuclear war, and what if dictators could live forever?
Podcast
#32 – Economist Bryan Caplan thinks education is mostly pointless showing off. We test the strength of his case.
Podcast
#31 – Allan Dafoe on trying to prepare the world for the possibility that AI will destabilise global politics
Podcast
#30 – Eva Vivalt’s research suggests social science findings don’t generalize. So evidence-based development – what is it good for?
Podcast
#29 – Where are the aliens? Anders Sandberg on three new resolutions to the Fermi Paradox. And how we could easily colonise the whole universe.
Podcast

April

#28 – Owen Cotton-Barratt on why daring scientists should have to get liability insurance
Podcast
#27 – The careers and policies that can prevent global catastrophic biological risks, according to world-leading health security expert Dr Tom Inglesby
Podcast
#26 – How exactly clean meat is created & the advances needed to get it into every supermarket, according to food scientist Marie Gibbons
Podcast

March

#25 – Why we have to lie to ourselves about why we do what we do, according to economist Robin Hanson
Podcast
#24 – Stefan Schubert on why it’s a bad idea to break the rules, even if it’s for a good cause
Podcast
#23 – Jan Leike on how to become a machine learning alignment researcher
Podcast
#22 – Leah Utyasheva on how to massively cut suicide rates in Sri Lanka, and her non-profit’s plan to do the same around the world
Podcast

February

#21 – The world’s most intellectual foundation is hiring. Holden Karnofsky, founder of GiveWell, on how philanthropy can have maximum impact by taking big risks.
Podcast
#20 – Bruce Friedrich makes the case that inventing outstanding meat replacements is the most effective way to help animals
Podcast
#19 – Samantha Pitts-Kiefer on her job worrying about any way nukes could get used
Podcast

January

#18 – Ofir Reich on using data science to end poverty and the spurious action/inaction distinction
Podcast
#17 – Will MacAskill fears our descendants will probably see us as moral monsters. What should we do about that?
Podcast

2017

December

#16 – Michelle Hutchinson hopes to shape the world by shaping the ideas of intellectuals. Will global priorities research succeed?
Podcast

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All184
Podcasts166
Podcasts (80k After Hours)12
Blog posts6

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80,000 Hours is an Effective Ventures project. Effective Ventures Foundation (UK) (EV UK) is a charity in England and Wales (with registered charity number 1149828, registered company number 07962181, and is also a Netherlands registered tax-deductible entity ANBI 825776867). Effective Ventures Foundation USA Inc. (EV US) is a section 501(c)(3) organization in the USA (EIN 47-1988398). EV UK and EV US are separate charities that collaborate closely under the “Effective Ventures” name.

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